ASTM A182 standard specification is for forged and rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, fittings, valves and parts for high temperature service. Common grades of alloy steel is Grade F5, F9, F11, F22, stainless steel F304/L and F316/L.

ASTM A182標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范適用于高溫環(huán)境下鍛造和軋制合金和不銹鋼管法蘭、配件、閥門和零件。合金鋼的常見牌號(hào)是F5、F9、F11、F22級(jí)，不銹鋼F304/L和F316/L。

Scope范圍

The standard applies to forged low alloy steel and stainless steel pipe parts for use in pressure systems. These include flanges, fittings, valves and similar parts that meet specified size or size standards. And it includes several grades of low carbon alloy steel and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. So it should be selected according to the design and use requirements.

When additional tests or inspections are required, supplementary requirements are provided for use. When the purchaser has specified them individually in the order, and it can be used.

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于壓力系統(tǒng)中使用的鍛造低合金鋼和不銹鋼管件。這些包括法蘭、配件、閥門和符合指定尺寸或尺寸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的類似零件。它包括幾種等級(jí)的低碳合金鋼和鐵素體、馬氏體、奧氏體和鐵素-奧氏體不銹鋼。因此，應(yīng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)和使用要求進(jìn)行選擇。

當(dāng)需要進(jìn)行額外的測試或檢查時(shí)，會(huì)提供補(bǔ)充要求以供使用。當(dāng)購買者在訂單中單獨(dú)指定了它們時(shí)，就可以使用了。

Common Grades?常見等級(jí)

Alloy grade: ASTM A182 F5, F9, F91, F92, F11, F12, F21, F22
Stainless steel grade: ASTM A182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L

Alloy Flange: ASTM A182 F11, F22

ASTM F11, F22 is the most use alloy steel grade in ASTM A182. 

合金等級(jí)：ASTM A182 F5、F9、F91、F92、F11、F12、F21、F22

不銹鋼等級(jí)：ASTM A182 F304、F304L、F316、F316L

合金法蘭：ASTM A182 F11、F22

ASTM F11、F22是ASTM A182中使用最多的合金鋼等級(jí)

Stainless Steel Flange: ASTM A182 F316不銹鋼法蘭：ASTM A182 F316

ASTM A182 F316 is most used for stainless steel flange, includes weld neck flange, slip on flange, blind flange, socket weld flange and etc.

Either alloy steel or stainless steel flange dimensions available for the OD up to 48 inch, class pressure from 150# to 2500#.

ASTM A182 F316最常用于不銹鋼法蘭，包括焊頸法蘭、滑套法蘭、盲板法蘭、承插焊法蘭等。

合金鋼或不銹鋼法蘭尺寸可用于外徑高達(dá)48英寸，壓力等級(jí)為150#至2500#。

Units單位

This specification is expressed in inch-pounds and SI units.本規(guī)范以英寸-磅和國際單位制表示。

Manufacture Types制造類型

For Low Alloy Ferritic Steels低合金鐵素體鋼

Low alloy ferritic steels should be smelted in one of the following methods:低合金鐵素體鋼應(yīng)采用以下方法之一冶煉：
a. Open hearth furnacesa.平爐
b. Electric furnacesb.電爐
c. Basis -oxygen process (with the option of separate degassing and refining processes).c.基礎(chǔ)-氧氣工藝（可選擇單獨(dú)的脫氣和精煉工藝）。

For Stainless Steel適用于不銹鋼

Stainless steel should be smelted in one of the following ways:不銹鋼應(yīng)通過以下方式之一冶煉：
a. Electric furnace (with separate deoxidation and refining (optional))a.電爐（帶單獨(dú)脫氧和精煉（可選））
b. Vacuum furnaceb.真空爐
c. One of the above, followed by vacuum or electroslag self-consumption remelting.c.上述之一，然后進(jìn)行真空或電渣自耗重熔。
The discard should be removed sufficiently, so as to ensure the elimination of harmful shrinkage and excessive segregation.應(yīng)充分清除廢料，以確保消除有害的收縮和過度離析。

Chemical Composition化學(xué)成分

Chemical heat analysis shall be performed and consistent with the chemical composition requirements of Table 1.

Grades that add lead, selenium or other elements to make the material easier machined, it should not be used.

It is not permissible to add any element that exceeds the corresponding material grade listed in Table 2 for the raw materials produced in accordance with a certain standard.

Except for nitrogen in stainless steel, the ordered grade shall not contain unspecified elements to the extent that the content meets the requirements of another grade, which have the specified element with the minimum required content.

應(yīng)進(jìn)行化學(xué)熱分析，并符合表1的化學(xué)成分要求。

不應(yīng)使用添加鉛、硒或其他元素以使材料更容易加工的等級(jí)。

對于按照特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)的原材料，不允許添加任何超過表2中列出的相應(yīng)材料等級(jí)的元素。

除不銹鋼中的氮外，訂購等級(jí)不得含有未指定的元素，只要其含量符合另一等級(jí)的要求，該等級(jí)具有最低要求含量的指定元素。

C: The present grade F 5a (0.25 max carbon) previous to 1995 eas assigned the identification symbol F 5. Identification symbol F 5 in 1955 was assigned to the 0.15 max carbon grade to be consistent with ASTM soecification for other products such as pipe, tubing, bolting, welding fittings, and the like.C： 1995年之前的當(dāng)前等級(jí)F5a（最大碳含量0.25）被指定為識(shí)別符號(hào)F5。1955年，標(biāo)識(shí)符號(hào)F5被指定為0.15的最大碳等級(jí)，以符合ASTM對其他產(chǎn)品（如管道、管材、螺栓連接、焊接配件等）的規(guī)范。

D: Applies to both heat and product analysises.D： 適用于熱量和產(chǎn)品分析。

I: Grade F 321 shall have a titanium content of not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70%.I： F321級(jí)的鈦含量不得低于碳含量的五倍，也不得超過0.70%。

Mechanical Properties機(jī)械性能

For the grade ordered as listed in Table 2, the mechanical properties of the material shall comply with the requirements.對于表2中列出的等級(jí)，材料的機(jī)械性能應(yīng)符合要求。

Table 2:

C: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 70 ksi [485 MPa].

D: For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 65 ksi [450 MPa].

C： 對于厚度超過5英寸[130毫米]的部分，最小抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)為70千磅/平方英寸[485兆帕]。

D： 對于厚度超過5英寸[130毫米]的部分，最小抗拉強(qiáng)度應(yīng)為65千磅/平方英寸[450兆帕]。

Tension Test拉伸測試

For low alloy steel, ferritic and martensitic stainless steel, one tension test shall be performed for each heat in each heat treatment charge.

When the heat treating cycle are the same and the furnace is controlled within ±25°F[±14℃]. And it is equipped with a recording pyrometer, so as to obtain a complete heat treatment record. However, only one tensile test is performed for each heat of each forging type and section size, rather than the per heating in each heat treatment charge.

對于低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼，應(yīng)在每次熱處理裝料中對每爐進(jìn)行一次拉伸試驗(yàn)。

當(dāng)熱處理周期相同，爐子控制在±25°F[±14℃]以內(nèi)時(shí)。并配有記錄高溫計(jì)，以獲得完整的熱處理記錄。然而，每種鍛造類型和截面尺寸的每爐只進(jìn)行一次拉伸試驗(yàn)，而不是每爐熱處理裝料中的每爐。

Retreatment

If the results of the mechanical properties test do not meet the specified requirements,  and the forgings may be performed heat treatment again. Meanwhile the mechanical properties test should comply with requirement.

如果機(jī)械性能測試的結(jié)果不符合規(guī)定的要求，鍛件可以再次進(jìn)行熱處理。同時(shí)，機(jī)械性能測試應(yīng)符合要求。

Nondestructive Test Requirements無損檢測要求

For hollow forgings of grades F91, F92, F122 and F911, greater than or equal to NPS 4 (DIN 100). The inner surface of which cannot be inspected by magnetic particle or liquid penetration, the ultrasonic inspection shall be carried out in accordance with A388 / A388M.

If the inner surface is accessible, it shall be examined by the magnetic particle in accordance with regulation A275/A275M, or by the penetration test according to test method E165.

適用于大于或等于NPS 4（DIN 100）的F91、F92、F122和F911級(jí)空心鍛件。其內(nèi)表面不能通過磁粉或液體滲透進(jìn)行檢查，應(yīng)按照A388/A388M進(jìn)行超聲波檢查。

如果內(nèi)表面是可接近的，則應(yīng)按照A275/A275M的規(guī)定用磁粉進(jìn)行檢查，或按照試驗(yàn)方法E165進(jìn)行滲透試驗(yàn)。

Main point of Manufacture制造要點(diǎn)

The material should be forged as close to the actual specified shape and size as possible.
Elbows, U-bends, tees, connecting tees and any type of flange should not be processed directly from bars.

Cylindrical shaped parts can be machined using forged or rolled solution annealed austenitic stainless steel without the need for additional thermal processing.

Cylindrical shaped low-alloy, martensite, ferrite and ferrite-austenitic stainless steel parts that less than or equal to NPS-4 [DN 100], may be machined using forged or rolled bars without additional hot processing.

材料應(yīng)盡可能接近實(shí)際指定的形狀和尺寸。

彎頭、U形彎頭、三通、連接三通和任何類型的法蘭都不應(yīng)直接從鋼筋上加工。

圓柱形零件可以使用鍛造或軋制的固溶退火奧氏體不銹鋼進(jìn)行加工，而不需要額外的熱處理。

小于或等于NPS-4[DN 100]的圓柱形低合金、馬氏體、鐵素體和鐵素體奧氏體不銹鋼零件可以使用鍛造或軋制棒材進(jìn)行加工，而無需額外的熱處理。

Heat Treatment熱處理

Heat Treatment for Forgings鍛件的熱處理

After hot working, and the forgings shall be cooled to a temperature less than 1000 °F [538 ℃] before heat treatment as specified in Heat treatment Table 3.

熱加工后，鍛件應(yīng)冷卻至1000°F[538℃]以下，然后按照熱處理表3的規(guī)定進(jìn)行熱處理。

Table 3:

A: Minimum unless temperature range is listed
B: Not applicable
E: Forged or rolled bar meeting the requirements of 7.5 shall be liquid quenched or rapid-cooled by other means in accordance with Specification A484/ A484M

A： 除非列出溫度范圍，否則為最低值

B： 不適用

E： 符合7.5要求的鍛造或軋制鋼筋應(yīng)按照規(guī)范A484/A484M進(jìn)行液淬或通過其他方式快速冷卻

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼

Low-alloy steels, ferritic and martensitic stainless steels shall be heat-treated in accordance with table 3. When more than one heat treatment is listed (optional) for a grade in table 3, any one of these is acceptable. The choice of heat treatment should be determined by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the order.低合金鋼、鐵素體和馬氏體不銹鋼應(yīng)按照表3進(jìn)行熱處理。當(dāng)表3中列出了一個(gè)等級(jí)的多種熱處理（可選）時(shí)，其中任何一種都是可以接受的。除非訂單中另有規(guī)定，否則熱處理的選擇應(yīng)由制造商決定。

Liquid Quenching液體淬火

Except for F1, F2 and F3 in 3.2.2, if the temperature of each grade in Table 3 is used with the consent of purchaser. So the liquid should be allowed to quench, then tempered.

除3.2.2中的F1、F2和F3外，如果在買方同意的情況下使用表3中每個(gè)等級(jí)的溫度。因此，應(yīng)該讓液體淬火，然后回火。
Marking標(biāo)記
Parts that are liquid quenched and tempered, and shall be marked with the letter ''QT''.

經(jīng)過液體淬火和回火處理的零件，應(yīng)標(biāo)有字母“QT”。

Grades F1, F2 and F12

In addition, grades F1, F2 and F12, Class 1 and 2 can be done a heat treatment with a minimum temperature of 1200°F, (650℃) after final cold or hot forming.

此外，F1、F2和F12級(jí)1級(jí)和2級(jí)可以在最終冷成型或熱成型后進(jìn)行最低溫度為1200°F（650℃）的熱處理。

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels奧氏體和鐵素體-奧氏體不銹鋼

Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat treated and liquid quenched in accordance with Table 3.

奧氏體和鐵素體-奧氏體不銹鋼應(yīng)按照表3進(jìn)行熱處理和液淬。

Time for Heat Treatment熱處理時(shí)間

Heat treatment of forgings can be carried out before machining.

鍛件的熱處理可以在機(jī)加工前進(jìn)行。

Forged or Rolled Bar鍛造或軋制棒材

Forged or rolled austenitic stainless steel rods for cylindrical shaped parts as specified in mechanical properties requirement. And the parts machined from bar without heat treatment after processing. It shall comply with annealing and quenching or rapid cooling requirements of A484 / A484M or this specification, and also allows for subsequent light cold drawing and straightening.

機(jī)械性能要求中規(guī)定的圓柱形零件用鍛造或軋制奧氏體不銹鋼棒。以及由棒材加工而成的零件，加工后未經(jīng)熱處理。應(yīng)符合A484/A484M或本規(guī)范的退火和淬火或快速冷卻要求，并允許隨后進(jìn)行輕度冷拔和矯直。

Surface Finish, Appearance and Corrosion Protection表面光潔度、外觀和防腐

Forgings and finished parts shall be free of scale and machined burrs that may interfere with installation, and other harmful defects as referred to in this standard. They shall have good processing quality, and the roughness of machined surfaces (except for special requirements) shall not exceed 250AA (arithmetic mean).

鍛件和成品零件應(yīng)無可能干擾安裝的氧化皮和機(jī)加工毛刺，以及本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提到的其他有害缺陷。應(yīng)具有良好的加工質(zhì)量，加工表面的粗糙度（特殊要求除外）不得超過250AA（算術(shù)平均值）。

Welding Repair Requirements焊接修復(fù)要求

ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are components made from stainless steel alloy containing chromium and nickel. These components are usually circular in shape with an opening in the center, which is also known as a bore. The edges of this disc-shaped component have raised surfaces that mate with other similar components or pipes to create a secure connection between two pipes or other pieces of equipment. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges are essential components that are used in a wide range of applications. From the automotive industry to construction, these flanges can be found in many places due to their durability and strength.

ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭是由含鉻和鎳的不銹鋼合金制成的部件。這些部件通常是圓形的，中心有一個(gè)開口，也稱為孔。這個(gè)盤形部件的邊緣有凸起的表面，與其他類似的部件或管道配合，在兩根管道或其他設(shè)備之間形成牢固的連接。ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭是廣泛應(yīng)用的重要部件。從汽車工業(yè)到建筑業(yè)，由于其耐用性和強(qiáng)度，這些法蘭可以在許多地方找到。

Applications of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭的應(yīng)用

These types of flanges have several applications across various industries. For example, they can be found in the automotive industry, where they provide connections between exhaust systems and catalytic converters. In addition, these flanges can be found in industrial piping systems for transporting liquids such as oil or gas, as well as air conditioning systems and refrigeration units. Other common uses include water treatment plants, chemical plants, food processing facilities, and more.

這些類型的法蘭在各個(gè)行業(yè)都有多種應(yīng)用。例如，它們可以在汽車行業(yè)中找到，在那里它們提供排氣系統(tǒng)和催化轉(zhuǎn)化器之間的連接。此外，這些法蘭可用于輸送石油或天然氣等液體的工業(yè)管道系統(tǒng)，以及空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和制冷機(jī)組。其他常見用途包括水處理廠、化工廠、食品加工設(shè)施等。

Benefits of ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flanges ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

The primary benefit of using these types of flanges is their durability and strength compared to other types of metals, such as aluminum or copper. These materials can handle higher temperatures without corroding or becoming brittle like aluminum or copper would do when exposed to extreme temperatures or pressures. In addition to their strength and durability, these materials also resist corrosion better than other materials, making them ideal for environments where there is a high risk of corrosion, such as marine settings or near coastal areas. Also, they have excellent heat transfer properties, which makes them ideal for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

There are several types of Stainless Steel 304 Flanges available, including slip-on welded-neck socket welded threaded reducing, and lap joint varieties, among others. All different types serve different purposes depending on the specific application. ASTM A182 F304 Stainless Steel Flange offers a variety of benefits, including superior strength and durability compared to other metals, making it an ideal choice for many industries, Additionally, they have excellent heat transfer properties making them suitable for transferring heat from one component to another while still maintaining their structural integrity over time.

與鋁或銅等其他類型的金屬相比，使用這些類型的法蘭的主要好處是它們的耐用性和強(qiáng)度。這些材料可以承受更高的溫度，而不會(huì)像鋁或銅在暴露于極端溫度或壓力時(shí)那樣腐蝕或變脆。除了強(qiáng)度和耐用性外，這些材料還比其他材料更耐腐蝕，使其成為海洋環(huán)境或沿海地區(qū)等高腐蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)環(huán)境的理想選擇。此外，它們具有優(yōu)異的傳熱性能，這使它們成為將熱量從一個(gè)組件傳遞到另一個(gè)組件的理想選擇，同時(shí)隨著時(shí)間的推移仍能保持其結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。

有幾種類型的304不銹鋼法蘭可供選擇，包括滑動(dòng)焊接頸承插焊接螺紋異徑管和搭接接頭等。根據(jù)具體的應(yīng)用，所有不同的類型都有不同的用途。ASTM A182 F304不銹鋼法蘭具有多種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，包括與其他金屬相比具有優(yōu)異的強(qiáng)度和耐用性，使其成為許多行業(yè)的理想選擇。此外，它們具有優(yōu)異的傳熱性能，使其適用于將熱量從一個(gè)部件傳遞到另一個(gè)部件，同時(shí)隨著時(shí)間的推移仍能保持其結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。